Project Description

Technological tests

Contact person: Pietro Bruzzi – bruzzi@centroceramico.it – Mobile +39 340 6885491

Abrasion
Unglazed tiles

  • ISO 10545-6
  • ASTM C 1243
  • Cahier du CSTB Ann. 1 – PEI
  • Cahier du CSTB Ann. 2 – Deep abrasion
  • Cahier du CSTB Ann. 3 – Conservation of the decoration

Glazed tiles

  • ASTM C 1027
  • ISO 10545-7

Adhesion strength

  • Initial tensile adhesion strength EN 12004-2-8.3.3.2
  • Tensile adhesion strength after water immersion EN 12004-2-8.3.3.3
  • Tensile adhesion strength after heat ageing EN 12004-2-8.3.3.4
  • Tension adhesion strength after freeze-thaw cycles EN 12004-2, 8.3.3.5

Bond strength

  • ASTM C 482

Breaking strength

  • ASTM C 648

Chemical resistance

  • Cahier du CSTB Ann. 8 – TAB glazed and unglazed tiles
  • ISO 10545-13 glazed and unglazed tiles
  • ASTM C 650 – glazed and unglazed tiles
  • Pb/Cd release – ISO 10545-15

Colour fastness

  • DIN 51094

Compression

Crazing resistance

  • ISO 10545-11
  • ASTM C 424 (up to 900 kPa)

Dilatometry

  • ISO 10545-8
  • ASTM C372 coefficient

Dimensions

    • ASTM C 485 – C 499 – C 502
    • Cahier du CSTB Ann. 9
  • ISO 10545-2
  • ISO 10545-2 (surface quality)

Electrical conductivity  (on tiles, panels)

Frost resistance

  • ASTM C 1026
  • ISO 10545-12

Impact resistance

  • ISO 10545-5
  • Cahier du CSTB Ann. 7 – Choc Léger
  • Cahieri du CSTB Ann. 6 – Choc Lourd
  • Cahier du CSTB Ann. 11 – Choc Répété
  • Impact resistance concerning building external cladding EAD 090062-00-0404 – Annex G

Modulus of rupture and breaking strength

  • ISO 10545-4
  • ISO 10545-4 (side ≤ 48 mm)
  • ISO 10545-4 – thickness > 2 cm
  • ASTM C 1505
  • ASTM C 674
  • Bending strength UPEC F+
  • Bending strength and breaking load EN 1339 – Annex F (class. T11)
  • Bending strength and breaking load EN 1339 – Annex F (class. T11) – thickness > 2 cm

Moisture expansion

  • ISO 10545-10

Permeability

  • From back surface (CCB Method)

Resistance to “roulage”

  • Cahier du CSTB Ann. 5 – Roulage
  • Cahier du CSTB Ann. 10 – Mazaud Method

Slipperiness

  • DCOF – ANSI A 137.1 / BOT 3000-E
  • DM 236
  • BS 7976-2
  • DIN 51097
  • DIN 51130 (R) / (V)
  • AS 4586-2013 Annexes A/B/C/D/E
  • UNE 41901 EX
  • UNI EN 13845 Annex C

Staining

  • ISO 10545-14
  • ASTM C 1378
  • Stains CCB UGL 160697

Thermal shock

  • ISO 10545-9
  • ASTM C 484

Water absorption

  • ASTM C 373 vacuum
  • ISO 10545-3 complete test
  • ISO 10545-3 vacuum

Chemical analysis and radioactivity measurements

Contact person: Andrea Bernasconi – bernasconi@centroceramico.it – Mobile: +39 345 8410333

Chemical analysis by ICP-OES EN ISO 21587-1 and EN ISO 21587-3

  • Glazes and equivalent (8 determinations)

Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) – Volatile Organic Compounds (COV)

  • Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in 250 L emission test chamber EN ISO 16000-9:2006

Heavy metals release

    • Pb and/or Cd release ISO 10545-15
    • Pb/Cd release (FCM “food contact materials ” regulatory framework)

Radioactivity

  • External dose flow (surfaces) by γ-spectrometer
  • Radiometric analysis with report (Pv)
  • Radon emanation

Surface texture characterisation; colour, reflectance, gloss measurements

Contact person: Barbara Mazzanti – mazzanti@centroceramico.it – Mobile: +39 340 9631182

Colour and reflectance measurements

  • Determination of the average solar reflectivity and measurement of solar reflectance index (SRI) ASTM E 903-12 and ASTM E 1980-11
  • Determination of Light Reflectance Value (LRV) ASTM C 609-20
  • Determination of Light Reflectance Value (LRV) AS 1428.1:2009, App. B
  • Determination of Light Reflectance Value (LRV) BS 8493:2008 + A1:2010
  • Determination of thermal emittance ASTM C 1371-15
  • Transmittance, reflectance or absorbance spectra
  • Determination of solar absorptance ASTM E903-12 and EN 410-11:2011 (E)
  • Colour coordinates
  • Determination of small colour differences EN ISO 10545-16
  • Brilliance measurement (GLOSS)

Surface roughness and texture

  • Surface roughness measurement; determination of the parameters EN ISO 4287
  • 3D surface profile and/or imaging
  • Surface mapping
  • Data processing and 3D images of the surface

Mineralogical and microstructural characterisation, functional performance (thermal conductivity, photocatalysis, antibacterial, …)

Contact persons:

XRD analysis

  • XRD analysis (with or without interpretation)
  • Quantitative XRD

Microscopic analysis

  • SEM observation
  • EDS Microanalysis
  • Stereomicroscope observation
  • Optical microscope observation
  • Images
  • Quantitative microscopic analysis (porosity and pore/grain size distribution, etc.)

Thermal conductivity and firing behaviour

  • Thermal conductivity (direct or indirect measurement from thermal diffusivity and specific heat)
  • Pyroplastic deformation

Photocatalysis and resistance to mould, bacteria; cleanability and durability

  • Photocatalysis tests (internal protocol, ISO 10678, ISO 22197, …)
  • Antibacterial tests for photocatalytic surfaces (internal protocol, ISO 27447, …) and non-photocatalytic surfaces (internal protocol, ISO 22196, …)
  • Determination of the resistance to mould colonisation for photocatalytic and non-catalytic surfaces (internal protocol, BS 5980)
  • Durability tests for surface treatments/finishes/functionalisation
  • Cleanability tests for photocatalitic or non-photocatalytic surfaces for internal or external environments (internal protocol, ISO 27448)

Thermal analysis, wettability, density

Contact person: Giovanni Ridolfi – ridolfi@centroceramico.it – Mobile: +39 345 9317030

Thermal analysis

  • Heating microscope

Determination of contact angle

Density

  • Determination of the density by helium pycnometer

Dilatometry

  • Thermo dilatometric analysis (green), heating up to 1000 °C and cooling
  • Thermo dilatometric analysis (green), heating up to 1200 °C and cooling
  • Coefficient of linear thermal expansion up to 400 °C
  • Thermo dilatometric analysis on glaze
  • Thermo dilatometric analysis (fired) and coefficient of linear thermal expansion, heating up to 1000 °C, max
  • Coefficient of linear thermal expansion ASTM E 831
  • ISO 10545-8

Mercury porosimetry

Mechanical characterisation

Contact person: Barbara Mazzanti – mazzanti@centroceramico.it – Mobile: +39 340 9631182

Fractographic analysis

Hardness

  • Vickers indentation
  • Hardness curve applying different loads

Bending strength

  • Bending strength and elastic modulus (fired specimens)
  • Bending strength and elastic modulus (green specimens)
  • Bending strength of 30 specimens with Weibull statistics