Project Description
Technological tests
Contact person: Pietro Bruzzi – bruzzi@centroceramico.it – Mobile +39 340 6885491
Abrasion
Unglazed tiles
- ISO 10545-6
- ASTM C 1243
- Cahier du CSTB Ann. 1 – PEI
- Cahier du CSTB Ann. 2 – Deep abrasion
- Cahier du CSTB Ann. 3 – Conservation of the decoration
Glazed tiles
- ASTM C 1027
- ISO 10545-7
Adhesion strength
- Initial tensile adhesion strength EN 12004-2-8.3.3.2
- Tensile adhesion strength after water immersion EN 12004-2-8.3.3.3
- Tensile adhesion strength after heat ageing EN 12004-2-8.3.3.4
- Tension adhesion strength after freeze-thaw cycles EN 12004-2, 8.3.3.5
Bond strength
- ASTM C 482
Breaking strength
- ASTM C 648
Chemical resistance
- Cahier du CSTB Ann. 8 – TAB glazed and unglazed tiles
- ISO 10545-13 glazed and unglazed tiles
- ASTM C 650 – glazed and unglazed tiles
- Pb/Cd release – ISO 10545-15
Colour fastness
- DIN 51094
Compression
Crazing resistance
- ISO 10545-11
- ASTM C 424 (up to 900 kPa)
Dilatometry
- ISO 10545-8
- ASTM C372 coefficient
Dimensions
-
- ASTM C 485 – C 499 – C 502
- Cahier du CSTB Ann. 9
- ISO 10545-2
- ISO 10545-2 (surface quality)
Electrical conductivity (on tiles, panels)
Frost resistance
- ASTM C 1026
- ISO 10545-12
Impact resistance
- ISO 10545-5
- Cahier du CSTB Ann. 7 – Choc Léger
- Cahieri du CSTB Ann. 6 – Choc Lourd
- Cahier du CSTB Ann. 11 – Choc Répété
- Impact resistance concerning building external cladding EAD 090062-00-0404 – Annex G
Modulus of rupture and breaking strength
- ISO 10545-4
- ISO 10545-4 (side ≤ 48 mm)
- ISO 10545-4 – thickness > 2 cm
- ASTM C 1505
- ASTM C 674
- Bending strength UPEC F+
- Bending strength and breaking load EN 1339 – Annex F (class. T11)
- Bending strength and breaking load EN 1339 – Annex F (class. T11) – thickness > 2 cm
Moisture expansion
- ISO 10545-10
Permeability
- From back surface (CCB Method)
Resistance to “roulage”
- Cahier du CSTB Ann. 5 – Roulage
- Cahier du CSTB Ann. 10 – Mazaud Method
Slipperiness
- DCOF – ANSI A 137.1 / BOT 3000-E
- DM 236
- BS 7976-2
- DIN 51097
- DIN 51130 (R) / (V)
- AS 4586-2013 Annexes A/B/C/D/E
- UNE 41901 EX
- UNI EN 13845 Annex C
Staining
- ISO 10545-14
- ASTM C 1378
- Stains CCB UGL 160697
Thermal shock
- ISO 10545-9
- ASTM C 484
Water absorption
- ASTM C 373 vacuum
- ISO 10545-3 complete test
- ISO 10545-3 vacuum
Chemical analysis and radioactivity measurements
Contact person: Andrea Bernasconi – bernasconi@centroceramico.it – Mobile: +39 345 8410333
Chemical analysis by ICP-OES EN ISO 21587-1 and EN ISO 21587-3
- Glazes and equivalent (8 determinations)
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) – Volatile Organic Compounds (COV)
- Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in 250 L emission test chamber EN ISO 16000-9:2006
Heavy metals release
-
- Pb and/or Cd release ISO 10545-15
- Pb/Cd release (FCM “food contact materials ” regulatory framework)
Radioactivity
- External dose flow (surfaces) by γ-spectrometer
- Radiometric analysis with report (Pv)
- Radon emanation
Surface texture characterisation; colour, reflectance, gloss measurements
Contact person: Barbara Mazzanti – mazzanti@centroceramico.it – Mobile: +39 340 9631182
Colour and reflectance measurements
- Determination of the average solar reflectivity and measurement of solar reflectance index (SRI) ASTM E 903-12 and ASTM E 1980-11
- Determination of Light Reflectance Value (LRV) ASTM C 609-20
- Determination of Light Reflectance Value (LRV) AS 1428.1:2009, App. B
- Determination of Light Reflectance Value (LRV) BS 8493:2008 + A1:2010
- Determination of thermal emittance ASTM C 1371-15
- Transmittance, reflectance or absorbance spectra
- Determination of solar absorptance ASTM E903-12 and EN 410-11:2011 (E)
- Colour coordinates
- Determination of small colour differences EN ISO 10545-16
- Brilliance measurement (GLOSS)
Surface roughness and texture
- Surface roughness measurement; determination of the parameters EN ISO 4287
- 3D surface profile and/or imaging
- Surface mapping
- Data processing and 3D images of the surface
Mineralogical and microstructural characterisation, functional performance (thermal conductivity, photocatalysis, antibacterial, …)
Contact persons:
- Barbara Mazzanti – mazzanti@centroceramico.it – Mobile: +39 340 9631182
- Giovanni Ridolfi – ridolfi@centroceramico.it – Mobile: +39 345 9317030
XRD analysis
- XRD analysis (with or without interpretation)
- Quantitative XRD
Microscopic analysis
- SEM observation
- EDS Microanalysis
- Stereomicroscope observation
- Optical microscope observation
- Images
- Quantitative microscopic analysis (porosity and pore/grain size distribution, etc.)
Thermal conductivity and firing behaviour
- Thermal conductivity (direct or indirect measurement from thermal diffusivity and specific heat)
- Pyroplastic deformation
Photocatalysis and resistance to mould, bacteria; cleanability and durability
- Photocatalysis tests (internal protocol, ISO 10678, ISO 22197, …)
- Antibacterial tests for photocatalytic surfaces (internal protocol, ISO 27447, …) and non-photocatalytic surfaces (internal protocol, ISO 22196, …)
- Determination of the resistance to mould colonisation for photocatalytic and non-catalytic surfaces (internal protocol, BS 5980)
- Durability tests for surface treatments/finishes/functionalisation
- Cleanability tests for photocatalitic or non-photocatalytic surfaces for internal or external environments (internal protocol, ISO 27448)
Thermal analysis, wettability, density
Contact person: Giovanni Ridolfi – ridolfi@centroceramico.it – Mobile: +39 345 9317030
Thermal analysis
- Heating microscope
Determination of contact angle
Density
- Determination of the density by helium pycnometer
Dilatometry
- Thermo dilatometric analysis (green), heating up to 1000 °C and cooling
- Thermo dilatometric analysis (green), heating up to 1200 °C and cooling
- Coefficient of linear thermal expansion up to 400 °C
- Thermo dilatometric analysis on glaze
- Thermo dilatometric analysis (fired) and coefficient of linear thermal expansion, heating up to 1000 °C, max
- Coefficient of linear thermal expansion ASTM E 831
- ISO 10545-8
Mercury porosimetry
Mechanical characterisation
Contact person: Barbara Mazzanti – mazzanti@centroceramico.it – Mobile: +39 340 9631182
Fractographic analysis
Hardness
- Vickers indentation
- Hardness curve applying different loads
Bending strength
- Bending strength and elastic modulus (fired specimens)
- Bending strength and elastic modulus (green specimens)
- Bending strength of 30 specimens with Weibull statistics